As students start their learning process at college, they inevitably have to learn about new referencing styles in their papers. This allows learners to get familiar with different citation rules, and teachers get the same format on all their papers. Usually, college professors ask their students to write papers in a specific style.
What Are Different Referencing Styles?
Learners have to memorize the features of each standard if they want to please their teachers. You can also hire an EssayHub writer and relax because everything will be done for you! Also, there are plenty of online sources that can generate citations when you don’t have enough time to polish your bibliography.
You have to know that citation standards are not only about creating a bibliography in the correct way. You also have to adjust the entire paper to the rules of the chosen system of referencing. There are four citation standards that are most commonly used in colleges:
- APA (American Psychological Association);
- MLA (Modern Language Association);
- Chicago;
- Harvard
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Each of these styles has its own rules and dissimilarities. The best option here is to use a writing service you can find on NoCramming so you don’t have to worry about your bibliography! For example, papers with Chicago references can have an Author-Date or Notes-Bibliography variant. Both options are correct and depend on the specific instructions from your teacher.
The Harvard style also has some variations. So, here are 6 popular varieties of Harvard referencing style!
What Are the Variants of the Harvard style?
This type of referencing is most commonly used in the universities of the United Kingdom, but a lot of teachers in the US ask for it as well. As it was mentioned before, most styles have slight differences in their rules. Harvard also has many variations that differ mainly in such small aspects as punctuation.
There are more similarities between these variants of Harvard referencing style. For your better understanding, this article will include an example of a book citation, both as an in-text quote and an entry on the bibliography page.
University of Limerick
This is the most commonly accepted standard for college papers all over the world.
In-text: (Pears and Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2010). Cite Them Right: The essential referencing guide, 8th ed., Newcastle upon Tyne: Palgrave Macmillan.
Imperial College, London
This variant is also very popular among the teachers and their students. Professors usually establish one style that should be used for the whole course. Learners have to stick to it to get good grades!
In-text: (Pears & Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R. & Shields, G. (2010) Cite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide. 8th ed. Newcastle upon Tyne, Palgrave Macmillan.
Notice the difference between punctuation, because it’s very important for some professors!
University of Otago Geography Department
The next 4 citation examples are less popular but are still in use in some universities. Also, there are specific papers that need these styles, like academic publications in journals.
In-text: (Pears and Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2010) Cite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide, 8th ed., Newcastle upon Tyne: Palgrave Macmillan.
Monash University, Melbourne
In this variation, you get rid of the full stops and the brackets. Also, you can use both ‘and’ and ‘&’ when citing information in the body of the paper.
In-text: (Pears and Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R and Shields, G 2010, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide, 8th ed, Newcastle upon Tyne, Palgrave Macmillan.
Staffordshire University
What is interesting about this variant is that it is used almost exclusively at Staffordshire University. Yet, the students who practice law and psychology don’t have to follow it. Usually, they are required to use APA or AMA referencing style.
In-text: (Pears and Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R, & Shields, G. (2010) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edn. Newcastle upon Tyne: Palgrave Macmillan.
St George’s, University of London
In-text: (Pears and Shields, 2010)
Your Bibliography: Pears, R, and Shields, G. (2010). Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 8th edn. Newcastle upon Tyne: Palgrave Macmillan.
Why Should Students Use Citations?
Sometimes, not all pupils know why they need to cite all of their sources or borrowed information. The issue of plagiarism is very serious in the academic community. Sometimes, you think that you write something original, but this thought actually is borrowed from the Internet, your professor, or some author.
In these cases, you need to admit that you took these thoughts from someone else. A lot of universities don’t allow any cases of plagiarism at all. Students can get expelled if they are caught in dishonest behavior. So, make sure that you learn about all referencing styles and don’t make any mistakes!
Takeaway
Now you know the basic differences between the varieties of Harvard citation style. Most of the professors usually hand out their own materials that remind you about the rules of referencing that they prefer in their class. Still, it is worth your time to memorize everything!
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